Chapter 4 of 4 · How do the software systems run all of it?

Grid operations: how the layers work together

telemetry + status control commands forecasts, schedules, limits business + customer records comms network electric power OT security zone / DMZ enterprise IT (back office)

Moving dashes show direction; arrowheads at both ends mean a two-way exchange. Click any box (or the power strip at the bottom) to see what it does and what it talks to. Lower layers act faster: protection works in milliseconds, forecasting works over hours to days. Enterprise systems on the left are back-office tools and sit outside that timing scale.

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